Ethics (Wordsworth Classics of World Literature)尼各马科伦理学 网盘下载 pdf 免费 2025 在线 epub 电子版

Benedict de Spinoza lived a life of blameless simplicity as a

lens-grinder in Holland. And yet in his lifetime, he was expelled

from the Jewish community in Amsterdam as a heretic, and after his

death his words were first banned by the Christian authorities as

atheistic, then hailed by humanists as the gospel of Pantheism. His

"Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order" shows us the reality

behind this enigmatic figure. First published by his friends after

his premature death at the age of 44, the "Ethics" uses the methods

of Euclid to describe a single entity, properly called both "God"

and "Nature", of which mind and matter are two manifestations. From

this follow, in ways that are strikingly modern, the identity of

mind and body, the necessary causation of events and actions, and

the illusory nature of free will.

INTRODUCTION

TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

PARALLEL PASSAGES FROM BRUNO

FIRST PART

of god

SECOND PART

Of the Nature and Origin of the Mind

THIRD PART

On the Origin and Nature of the Affects

FOURTH PART

Of Human Bondage, or of the Strength of the Affects

FIFTH PART

Of the Power of the Intellect, or of Human Liberty

GUIDE TO USING THE INDEX

INDEX

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Benedict de Spinoza lived a life of blameless simplicity as a lens-grinder in Holland. And yet in his lifetime, he was expelled from the Jewish community in Amsterdam as a heretic, and after his death his words were first banned by the Christian authorities as atheistic, then hailed by humanists as the gospel of Pantheism. His "Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order" shows us the reality behind this enigmatic figure. First published by his friends after his premature death at the age of 44, the "Ethics" uses the methods of Euclid to describe a single entity, properly called both "God" and "Nature", of which mind and matter are two manifestations. From this follow, in ways that are strikingly modern, the identity of mind and body, the necessary causation of events and actions, and the illusory nature of free will.